3a - What percent of people without CAC died during follow-up?
3b - What percent of people with CAC died during follow-up?
6) Now, consider this: coronary calcification is strongly associated age, which is also potentially strong predictors of death. The definition of a confounder is a variable that is independently associated with both the exposure (cac) and the outcome (death). A confounder can exaggerate or mask a true association between cac and death. To look for confounding, we can adjust for age (the potential confounder) and see if the unadjusted “crude” estimate differs from the adjusted estimate. The basic epidemiologic technique for confounding is stratification. We will make 2 2x2 tables, one for each level “strata” of the dichotomous variable “age_60” (older than 60 or younger than 60).
16a – What is the OR (95% CI) of anycac-death adjusted for hypertension, age, gender, diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking status?