From reading the Canning article, I agree that public health is not the only driving force of the demographic transitions, other social and economic factors are very important as well. For reduction in mortality, policy goal of public health and rudimentary infrastructure of public health service implementation supported by political development played an important role here. And mortality transition, different economic model, and advances in contraceptive technologies may play a key role in fertility transition. Changes in fertility behavior are more like a change in social norms. It is more likely to be affected by community factors. And with the increase in education, population quality has been improved, improvements have been found in physical and cognitive development of children and later onset of disability and physical and cognitive decline in older age.