Reference List

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  2. Makoul, G, Clayman, ML. An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters. Pt Ed and Couns. 2006 Mar; 60(3): 301-312.  Available from http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/S0738399105001783/1-s2.0-S0738399105001783-main.pdf?_tid=9819260e-741d-11e6-80ea-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1473158293_8706c65540ccfccdfa6594a245e4766e

  3. Chow S, Teare G, Basky G. Shared decision making: Helping the system and patients make quality health care decisions. Saskatoon, SK: Health Quality Council; September 2009. Available From  http://hqc.sk.ca/Portals/0/documents/Shared_Decision_Making_Report_April_08_2010.pdf

  4. Coulter A, Collins F. Making shared decision-making a reality: No decision about me, without me. London, UK: The King’s Fund; 2011. Available from http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/Making-shared-decision-making-a-reality-paper-Angela-Coulter-Alf-Collins-July-2011_0.pdf

  5. Baker A. Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. BMJ. 2001 Nov 17;323(7322):1192. Available From  http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/books/NBK222274/

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  9. Berlin EA. & Fowkes WC. (1983). A teaching framework for cross cultural health care: Application in family practice. West J. Med. 12(139), 93-98. Available from  http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pmc/articles/PMC1011028/pdf/westjmed00196-0164.pdf

  10. Minnesota Shared Decision Making Collaborative [Internet]. Shared Decision-Making Frequently Asked Questions. Minnesota; MSDMC, 2016 (6 September, 2016). Available from:  http://msdmc.org/faqs/

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  12. Légaré F, Stacey D, Gagnon S, Dunn S, Pluye P, Frosch D, et al. Validating a conceptual model for an inter-professional approach to shared decision making: a mixed methods study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Aug; 17(4): 554-564. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170704/

  13. Organowski K. Maternity care and shared decision-making: Working together to improve care for mothers and babies [Presentation] [Internet]. Informed Medical Decisions Foundation; March 2013. Available from http://www.slideshare.net/fimdm/sdm-prezi

  14. Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Ubel PA. Helping patients decide: ten steps to better risk communication. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2011 Oct 5;103(19):1436-43. Available From  http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/19/1436

  15. World Health Organization. Prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during childbirth. Geneva, Switzerland. 2015. (10 September 2016) Available from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/maternal_perinatal/statement-childbirth/en/

  16. Bazant E, Huang J [Internet]. Respectful Maternity Care: What to measure and how to measure it. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: FIGO. 2013. Available from https://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files/figo_africa_rmc_measurement.pdf

  17. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum Care for Healthy Women and Babies: Clinical Guidelines. December 2014 (14 September 2016) . Available From https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190

  18. United Nations Population Fund [Internet]. Maternal Health Thematic Fund Annual Report 2015. UNFPA; 2016. (14 September 2016) Available from http://www.unfpa.org/publications/maternal-health-thematic-fund-annual-report-2015

  19. Reis V, Deller B, Carr C, Smith J. Respectful Maternity Care: Country Experiences Survey Report, November 2012. RMC Charter, November 2012 (14 September, 2016) Available from http://www.unfpa.org/publications/maternal-health-thematic-fund-annual-report-2015

  20. Public Health Agency of Canada [Internet]. Family-Centered Maternity and Newborn Care: National Guidelines (abstract). Ottawa, ON: Health Canada (Millenium Edition) 2000 (1 September 2016) Available from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/dca-dea/publications/fcm-smp/index-eng.php

  21. Canadian Association of Midwives [Internet]. Midwifery in Canada - Provinces and Territories. Ottawa, ON: CAM 2013 (1 September 2016) Available from http://www.canadianmidwives.org/province/British-Columbia.html?prov=2

  22. Canadian Institute for Health Information [Internet]. Giving Birth in Canada: Providers of Maternity and Infant Care. CIHI, 2004 (15 September, 2016) Available from https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/GBC2004_report_ENG.pdf

  23. Public Health Agency of Canada [Internet]. Canadian Hospitals Maternity Policies and Practices Survey (2012). Ottawa, ON: PHAC 2012 (1 September 2016) Available from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/chmpps-eppmhc-2012-eng.php

  24. Perinatal Services BC [Internet]. Delivery Provider - Facilities with Planned Obstetrical Services British Columbia. 2015 (1 September 2016) Available from http://www.perinatalservicesbc.ca/Health-Professionals-Site/PublishingImages/MapDeliveryProvider2013_14.pdf

  25. Towle A, Godolphin W, Grams G, LaMarre A. Putting informed and shared decision making into practice. Health Expectations, December 2006; 9(4): 321-332. Available from  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00404.x/full

  26. The President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioural Research. Making health care decisions: A report on the ethical and legal implications of informed consent in the patient-practitioner relationship Volume one: Report. The President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioural Research: Washington, DC; 1982.  Available from https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/559354   

  27. NSA IMAGE

  28. General Practice Services Committee [Internet]. Maternity Care for BC (MC4BC) GP Self-Directed Obstetrical Upgrade Program Policy and Guidelines (Revised 2015). Victoria, BC: 2015 (1 September 2016) Available from http://gpscbc.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/MC4BC%202015%2004%20FINAL.pdf

  29. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Hospital Births in Canada: A Focus on Women Living in Rural and Remote Areas—Executive Summary. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2013. Available from https://www.cihi.ca/en/birth2013_summary_en.pdf

  30. Quote from Dr. Klein - Citation forthcoming

  31. Midwives Association of British Columbia [Internet]. A New Vision for Midwifery and Maternity Care: Vision Document. Vancouver, BC; 2016 (1 September 2016). Available from http://bcmidwives.com/vision

  32. Grzybowski S, Kornelsen J, Schuurman N. Planning the optimal level of local maternity service for small rural communities: a systems study in British Columbia. Health policy. 2009 Oct 31;92(2):149-57. Available from  http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/science/article/pii/S0168851009000761

  33. Barclay L, Kornelsen J, Longman J, Robin S, Kruske S, Kildea S, Pilcher J, Martin T, Grzybowski S, Donoghue D, Rolfe M. Reconceptualising risk: Perceptions of risk in rural and remote maternity service planning. Midwifery. 2016 Apr 22.  Available From http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613816300353

  34. Jackson M, Dahlen H, Schmied V. Birthing outside the system: Perceptions of risk amongst Australian women who have freebirths and high risk homebirths. Midwifery. 2012 Oct 31;28(5):561-7. Available from http://ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/science/article/pii/S0266613811001811

  35. Shaw-Battista, J., Fineberg, A., Boehler, B., Skubic, B., Woolley, D., Tilton, Z. Obstetrician and Nurse–Midwife Collaboration: Successful Public Health and Private Practice Partnership. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2011 Sep;118(3):663-72. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21860298

  36. Kozhimannil, K., FraktRural, A. America’s disappearing maternity care. The Washington Post. 2017 Nov. Available from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/rural-americas-disappearing-maternity-care/2017/11/08/11a664d6-97e6-11e7-b569-3360011663b4_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ba7fd7a9f890

  37. Schroeder et al.

  38. Morrison, S. MCHIP’s respectful maternity care toolkit promotes positive attitudes in the care of women and newborns. USAID. 2013 June. Available from https://blog.usaid.gov/2013/06/maternity-care-toolkit/

  39. Shaw-Battista, J., Fineberg, A., Boehler, B., Skubic, B., Woolley, D., Tilton, Z. Obstetrician and nurse-midwife collaboration: Successful public health and private practice partnership. 2011 Sept;118(3):663-672. Available from https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2011/09000/Obstetrician_and_Nurse_Midwife_Collaboration_.24.aspx

  40. Hirshberg, A., Srinivas, S. Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality. 2017 Oct;41(6):332-337. Available from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000517300794

  41. Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for CHronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. 2018, Aug. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm

  42. Creanga, A., Berg, C., Syverson, C., Seed, K., Bruce, F., Callaghan, W. Race, ethnicity, and nativity differentials in pregnancy-related mortality in the United States: 1993–2006. Obstet Gynecol. 2012:120(2 Pt 1):261-268. Available from https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=22825083

  43. Bacak, S., Thierry, J., Tucker, M., Paisano, E. Maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalizations in American Indian and Alaska Native women. The IHS Primary Care Provider. 2007 Feb;32(2):33-37. Available from https://www.ihs.gov/provider/includes/themes/newihstheme/display_objects/documents/2000_2009/PROV0207.pdf

  44. Vedam S, Stoll K, Macdorman M, et al. Mapping integration of midwives across the United States: Impact on access, equity, and outcomes. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2):e0192523.

  45. National Center for Health Statistics. Table I–4. Births, by attendant, place of delivery, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 67, No. 8, November 7, 2018 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08_tables-508.pdf

  46. Centers for Disease Control. (2014). Trends in Out of Hospital Births in the United States: 1990-2012. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db144.htm#x2013;2012%3C/a%3E%20